Almost all viruses, including Coronavirus, Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), gain entry by binding to receptors present on luminal mucosal epithelial cell surfaces. To counter the influx of pathogens, mammals have developed an innate mucosal immune system as a first line of defense, blocking or destroying foreign particles right at the port of entry.

Today, most vaccines are being administered by intramuscular injection, activating the systemic immune system but not the mucosal immune system. While these vaccines are effective at preventing severe diseases and death, they do little to actually prevent viral infection and spread.

We offer a different approach.